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Scientific Name | Satyrium muticum Lindl. |
Higher Classification | Monocotyledons |
Family | ORCHIDACEAE |
National Status |
Status and Criteria | Endangered B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v); C2a(ii) |
Assessment Date | 2018/10/02 |
Assessor(s) | L. von Staden |
Justification | A range-restricted (EOO 971 km²) and very rare species known from four small, severely fragmented subpopulations. The population consists of 2500 mature individuals, and the largest subpopulation has <200 plants. |
Distribution |
Endemism | South African endemic |
Provincial distribution | Western Cape |
Range | Riversdale to Knysna and northern slopes of Langeberg Mountains. |
Habitat and Ecology |
Major system | Terrestrial |
Major habitats | Mossel Bay Shale Renosterveld, Garden Route Granite Fynbos, Albertinia Sand Fynbos, Eastern Ruens Shale Renosterveld, Tsitsikamma Sandstone Fynbos, South Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos, South Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos, North Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos, Garden Route Shale Fynbos, Knysna Sand Fynbos, Swellendam Silcrete Fynbos |
Description | Relatively dry to moist slopes, up to 200 m. |
Threats |
| As a result of extensive altering of natural ecosystems on the coastal forelands and primary habitat of S. muticum, it has since become very rare or extinct throughout much of its former distribution. Much of its known habitat is now replaced with urban expansion, agriculture and forestry. |
Population |
This species is known from four subpopulations, the largest consisting of 100-200 plants, two others have less than 10 plants and one subpopulation has about 50 plants. Ongoing habitat loss and degradation has been recorded at three of these sites.
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Population trend | Decreasing |
Assessment History |
Taxon assessed |
Status and Criteria |
Citation/Red List version | | Satyrium muticum Lindl. | CR C2a(ii) | Raimondo et al. (2009) | | Satyrium muticum Lindl. | EN B1B2abc | Victor (2002) | | Satyrium muticum Lindl. | Endangered | Hilton-Taylor (1996) | | Satyrium muticum Lindl. | Endangered | Hall et al. (1980) | |
Bibliography |
Goldblatt, P. and Manning, J.C. 2000. Cape Plants: A conspectus of the Cape Flora of South Africa. Strelitzia 9. National Botanical Institute, Cape Town.
Hall, A.V., De Winter, M., De Winter, B. and Van Oosterhout, S.A.M. 1980. Threatened plants of southern Africa. South African National Scienctific Programmes Report 45. CSIR, Pretoria.
Hilton-Taylor, C. 1996. Red data list of southern African plants. Strelitzia 4. South African National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. and Manyama, P.A. 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
Victor, J.E. 2002. South Africa. In: J.S. Golding (ed), Southern African plant Red Data Lists. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report 14 (pp. 93-120), SABONET, Pretoria.
Vlok, J. and Schutte-Vlok, A.L. 2010. Plants of the Klein Karoo. Umdaus Press, Hatfield.
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Citation |
| von Staden, L. 2018. Satyrium muticum Lindl. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2020.1. Accessed on 2023/11/28 |
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